Steam and Power

Petro-SIM 5 marks our first steps into better modelling of utility systems and better modelling of steam generation with new unit operations focused on this area. The Steam Generator and associated Burner operations can be coupled with Gas Turbines to provide detailed modelling of combined heat and power generation systems while the steam unit operations allow you to model utility systems alongside process equipment for integrated process and energy studies.

	Steam Generator unit operation carries out design and UA rating calculations for a steam generator with a steam drum and water blowdown. These operations have the basic function of cooling hot gases while generating steam and you can use it to model a conventional Steam Boiler or a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), where you can connect the exhaust gases from a Gas Turbine operation as the heat source.
	Burner unit operation is a general purpose combustion reactor used to model the combustion side of a Furnace, Boiler or supplementary burner of an HRSG
	Steam Ejector unit operation models an Ejector that uses steam as the motive fluid.
	Hydraulic Turbine unit operation models an Expander running in liquid service, taking into account any partial evaporation of the liquid feed that occurs.
Steam Unit operations
	Steam Header unit operation represents a key infrastructure component of a steam network. It can be a site-wide distribution header, or be local to a particular process. In essence, it functions as a combined mixer/splitter: many flows of steam at different qualities (pressure and temperature) may enter a header. Inside the header they are assumed to mix ideally. Many flows of steam may exit the header, but at identical pressure and temperature conditions. Heat and mass losses are calculated by balance and can be fixed subsequently for project evaluation purposes.
	Desuperheater unit operation injects boiler feed water into a steam flow to lower the temperature of the steam. The outlet stream is typically all steam and may be lowered to the saturation temperature.
	Deaerator unit operation uses steam to perform heat treatment of (high-quality) demineralised water, mainly to remove oxygen and so reduce the corrosivity of the resulting boiler feed water (BFW). The amount of deaeration steam needed is automatically calculated from heat and mass balances.
	Steam User unit operation represents a general consumer or group of consumers of steam. The steam used can be partly returned to the system as condensate, lost to a process stream via injection, lost to atmosphere or to drain. The amount consumed can be specified either by mass flow, or by heat duty.

The steam unit operations allow you to model steam networks with multiple levels of steam such as the system below.